Understanding Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) 1. Introduction Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening, delayed hypersensitivity reaction to certain medications. It is characterized by a widespread rash, fever, inflammation of internal organs, and an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the...
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Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening, delayed hypersensitivity reaction to certain medications. It is characterized by a widespread rash, fever, inflammation of internal organs, and an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
The symptoms of DRESS may include a widespread rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, facial swelling, and inflammation of internal organs such as the liver, lungs, or heart. Patients may also experience flu-like symptoms, including body aches and fatigue.
DRESS is most commonly triggered by certain medications, including anticonvulsants, allopurinol, and sulfonamides. Genetic factors may also play a role in predisposing individuals to developing DRESS.
Diagnosing DRESS can be challenging due to its variable presentation and the need to differentiate it from other drug reactions. It often requires a thorough medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect eosinophilia, and sometimes a skin biopsy.
Upon diagnosis, the offending medication should be immediately discontinued. Treatment may involve corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and other medications to manage specific symptoms such as liver or kidney involvement. Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases.
Preventing DRESS involves identifying individuals at risk based on their medical history and genetic predisposition. Careful monitoring for early signs of the condition during medication use is crucial. Patients should communicate any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
Coping with DRESS involves ongoing medical follow-up to monitor for potential long-term effects on the organs and to address any residual symptoms. Emotional support and education about the condition can also be beneficial for patients and their families.
Ongoing research is focused on better understanding the genetic and immunological factors contributing to DRESS, as well as identifying potential biomarkers for early detection. Clinical trials are exploring new treatment modalities with the goal of improving outcomes for individuals affected by DRESS.
Q: Can DRESS be triggered by over-the-counter medications?
A: While most cases of DRESS are linked to prescription medications, there have been rare reports of it occurring with over-the-counter drugs as well.
Q: Is DRESS contagious?
A: No, DRESS is not contagious. It is an immune-mediated reaction to certain medications.
Q: Can someone who has had DRESS in the past take the same medication again?
A: It is generally recommended to avoid the medication that triggered DRESS in the past to prevent a recurrence.
Q: How long does it take for symptoms of DRESS to appear after starting a new medication?
A: Symptoms of DRESS typically develop within 2 to 6 weeks after initiating the offending medication.
Q: Is DRESS a common reaction to medications?
A: DRESS is considered rare, but it is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.
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